Saturday, March 11, 2017

How to become the youngest Best Director Oscar winner of all-time (or, in other words, how to be Damien Chazelle) in five easy steps

Damien Chazelle is the youngest person ever to win a Best Director award in the history of the Oscars. Good for him. He deserves it. While my favorite two films of 2017 were MOONLIGHT and SING STREET, Chazelle's career really should be examined and studied by aspiring filmmakers.

The first thing to realize is that Chazelle didn't come from nowhere, and his path to his current success is one you could chart for yourself.

The first thing Chazelle did to put him on this path was to make a movie. That's the first step. I often have the opportunity to get young students and aspiring filmmakers in front of more accomplished filmmakers, and we always ask what their advice is... it's ALWAYS "Make stuff." You are not a filmmaker unless you are making films, and no one is going to give you opportunities to make films unless you've taken that opportunity to do it on your own first.

Chazelle's first feature film was GUY AND MADELINE ON A PARK BENCH. It's a micro-budget film with non-professional actors improvising a lot of their dialogue. In the midst of these mumblecore principles are musical numbers, both polished jazz improvisations from the film's lead actor (trumpet player Jason Palmer playing Guy) and lo-fi full-on musical numbers. In many ways this film's feels like other low-budget filmmaking that was happening at the time: Adrew Bujalski's MUTUAL APPRECIATION had come out a few years earlier and had a similar musical vibe (albeit an indie rock vibe); Barry Jenkins's MEDICINE FOR MELANCHOLY had come out the year before... and (a shameless plug) Dave Boyle's SURROGATE VALENTINE hadn't yet come out, but it has a similar feel and should be watched.


But here's the thing... even though it's similar to a lot of films, it's also totally unique. Within the first few shots of GUY AND MADELINE I thought, "Oh, French New Wave." And it really feels like it... heavily. Especially Goddard. It also feels like documentary films of Bob Dylan and Miles Davis... and then it has these musical numbers. They feel strangely spontaneous and introspective. The first few songs, simply feel like people singing to themselves when they're alone - which is expressly different from typical musical theater. They're playful and sort of silly, and feel like they really shouldn't work... but they do. They're a strange afterthought, because the film doesn't introduce that it's a musical right away - it reveals it slowly. And it doesn't end as a musical at all... there's no big final musical number. It's brave, fun, experimental, and unpretentious. It seems to be made by a guy who loves movies, has studied movies, and is very, very smart.

And mixed throughout are some moments of sheer brilliance... such as the subway seduction scene.

GUY AND MADELINE got into the Tribeca film festival, and eventually got a small theatrical release from which it got great reviews from critics who understood and appreciated it.

Lesson #1: Make a feature film... but don't just make any feature film: Make a good one. Be fearless and bold. Be inventive. Look, if you're only spending your own money, time, blood and tears, then what can you lose? If it doesn't work and no one sees it, well that's a good thing. Make another one that does work. My partner in crime, Dave Boyle, made a horrible feature film that no one will ever see before he made his "first" feature film, BIG DREAMS LITTLE TOKYO, which launched his career (sort of - hahaha) - he learned a lot of hard lessons on that first one (such as: use Duane as a producer, not a cinematographer).

Lesson #2: Know movies. How can you expect to be an innovator in a hundred year old industry if you don't know (and love) the history and work of your predecessors. Think of your favorite director, picture them in your brain (got him or her stuck in there?), now find out every movie and filmmaker that influenced them and go and study their work... then find out what influenced those people. A lot of aspiring filmmakers are happy to stand on someone's shoulders... without ever looking down to see whose shoulders they're standing on. Note that two of the three Chazelle trailers on this post have shots of the female protagonist stopping to glance at a mural of Chaplin.

GUY AND MADELINE was the tree from which the acorn of LA LA LAND fell. Chazelle wrote LA LA LAND and made a big effort to get someone to make it. But with limited resources, no one could see how they could do it (it did open with a big scene on a closed freeway, after all).

During his frustration from trying to get LA LA LAND off the ground he worked on other people's films and wrote some other things... including a script called WHIPLASH - which he couldn't get off the ground either, even with some experienced producers on board. With their help, however, he made a short film from the script as a "proof-of-concept" which (low and behold) got into Sundance.

On the strength of its Sundance showings the funding came in for the feature... four million. It was shot over eighteen days (!!!) in Los Angeles (by the way). And was, of course, the best film of 2014 (in my opinion) and was nominated for five Oscars - winning three. Whiplash is brilliant, personal, intense, and totally unexpected.


Lesson #3: Make a short film. I have spoken with people trying to raise money for a feature and have made a "teaser/trailer" to promote it, often at great expense. In my opinion this is a mistake. That teaser's life depends entirely on if they will make the feature. A short, on the other hand, has a life of its own. It can get into festivals and inspire people to want to support the feature film version (some examples: Jared Hess's NAPOLEON DYNAMITE; Jennifer Phang's ADVANTAGEOUS; Wes Anderson's BOTTLE ROCKET; and there's many, many more), or it will exist as a great short film you made. If you're spending money on something, make sure it will have a life of it's own.

Lesson #4: Somewhere between GUY AND MADELINE and WHIPLASH (the short), Chazelle moved to Los Angeles. He would never have been the youngest person to win an Oscar for directing if he had stayed in Boston. It never would have happened. Do you want a career trajectory that could end you up in his shoes? You have to be in Los Angeles? You HAVE TO BE IN LOS ANGELES. Otherwise it's like saying you want to play for the Dodgers, but you're unwilling to live in LA. Can you have a successful film career and never live in Los Angeles? Yes, kind of maybe. Many successful filmmakers live in New York, Austin and... well there's some sprinkled throughout the country - but they didn't just become the youngest person ever to win Best Director. I have never lived in Los Angeles, but my career is probably not what you're aspiring to (unless you're insane). I was never nominated for an Oscar in my early thirties - because I didn't even start in the film industry until my early thirties (and for many other reasons that are too painful to discuss). The point is, if you choose to live wherever you currently live (which isn't Los Angeles), you're choosing not to be the next Damien Chazelle. Period.

Finally the door was wide open for his pet project, LA LA LAND. After Whiplash you'd think he'd be given carte blanche in Hollywood - but he wasn't. LA LA LAND had a relatively small budget at $30 million. It's the rare writer/director driven project supported by a studio... which in and of itself is exciting. With LA LA LAND Chazelle shows what he can do with money and a big brush, but his directing and intelligence isn't really as flashy or impressive as it is in his previous two films. We're washed over by design, color, song, and the good looks of Emma Stone and Ryan Gosling... and of course that great music. Which brings us to...

Lesson #5: Recognize great talent when you find it, stick with it, and fight for it. Did you notice how many people at the Oscars said, "Damien Chazelle, I'm so glad I met you." Several of the key players on Chazelle's team have been with him since GUY AND MADELINE, including composer Justin Hurwitz who wrote the music for all three of Chazelle's films. Where would each of these films be without Justin Hurwitz? Part of Chazelle's brilliance, then, is his ability to recognize talent and potential in people and to stick with them and give them opportunity. Be a good friend and collaborator. Be loyal.



There you have it. How to be the next Damien Chazelle in five simple steps... just mix in a ridiculous amount of talent and ambition, and you should be fine.

One last thing, don't forget to be humble. I have never met Mr. Chazelle, but people seem to like to work with him. It's hard to go far in this industry without being humble, generous and courteous. Never forget that.

Monday, January 30, 2017

Understanding per diem rates for SAG and IATSE

When your cast and crew are traveling and shooting away from their home - whether it's Los Angeles or New York or anywhere else - it is appropriate to offer them a per diem.

A per diem is daily pay so that they will not have to dip into their own pocket for their living expenses while they travel. It is different from salary. To learn about SAG salary rates see previous posts. Micro-budget filmmakers frequently have questions about what they should offer for per diem. If you are operating under a SAG contract you are required to offer SAG's standard per diem. Also, if you are using one of IATSE's low budget tiers, you will need to use IATSE's per diem rates. It doesn't matter the level of your contract (from the SAG Ultra-Low budget contract or the Standard Contract) the price of the minimum per diem is the same. People can negotiate for a higher per diem, but you are under no requirement to pay anything but the minimum.

If you are neither SAG or IATSE, I would still recommend using these rates for your cast and crew. It will improve your relationship with your team and is just the right thing to do.

Per diem is determined by meals not provided. In other words, if you provide breakfast and lunch on set, you are only required to provide per diem for the dinner. I calculate it this way: Each day worked I provide just dinner per diem (because I provide breakfast and lunch on set). On days off and travel days I provide the full daily amount. When I budget, I budget for the full day for each person - this allows some cushion in my budget and allows me a place I know I will be over... it also leaves space for extra days or changes in schedule.

The SAG per diem rates are:

Breakfast: $12.00

Lunch: $18.00

Dinner: $30.00

The total SAG per diem daily rate is $60.

The IATSE per diem rate is:

Breakfast: $10.00

Lunch: $15.00

Dinner: $29.00

The total daily IATSE per diem rate is: $49.00

Distributing per diem is handled in different ways by different companies. Some payroll companies will pay per diem through bi-weekly paychecks. I prefer to hand it out as cash on the person's arrival on set. This way they have it to spend and don't have to dip into their own money. However, this brings up some tax issues. I have historically not reported per diem payments to taxes, which is probably not cool with the IRS. I recommend consulting with your payroll company for their advice.


Hanging out with your favorite stars... and not realizing it

For the third year I have had an opportunity to Volunteer as an usher at Sundance. As a film professor at Utah Valley University I oversee a large number of students who volunteer. We try not to hold "official" classes during the festival and encourage our students to take full advantage of the festival being so close.

I will give a brief summary of my festival experience in a later post, but first I will start with a frustrating story that I just want to vent, and it starts with one of last year's most buzzed about films, SING STREET. I didn't get to see SING STREET at Sundance last year, but I saw it the weekend it came out in theaters, and it quickly became my favorite film of the year - with MOONLIGHT just behind by a hair. Each year I write out my list of Duane's Favs - not what I think will or even should win Oscars - just what were my personal favorites. SING STREET wins this year for "Favest" Picture, Original Screenplay and Supporting Actress for Lucy Boynton. I felt Lucy's performance as Raphina the aspiring model was a revelation. She is able to convey so much with great subtly. The scene where she talks about her relationship with her dad is particularly tragic and beautiful. Before the festival started this year I had watched the film again with my son and his girlfriend, and sent it to my siblings for birthday presents (it is dedicated to "Brothers everywhere").

As an usher at the festival I often get to interact with the directors and the talent. I try to stay professional but I honestly really enjoy the thrill of being around them. Screening your film at Sundance is such a big deal, and there's a huge amount of excitement and energy that exudes from them that I find contagious. I normally have the chance to at least shake hands and congratulate the directors. This year I also got to interact with the cast and crew of THE BIG SICK: Ray Romano, Holly Hunter, Jadd Apatow, Barry Mendell, Michael Showalter and Kumail Nanjiani.

Unexpectedly the people I ended up interacting the most with was Danny Strong (writer and director of REBEL IN THE RYE - as well as GAME CHANGE, THE BUTLER and the creator of EMPIRE), and his parents and his fiancé. After the screening of his film it was my opportunity to be his "Handler" as we brought him to an area off the theater for a special Q&A with the audience (we had a short turn-around and we had to clear the theater quickly). While Danny very generously entertained the gathering, I worked out some details with his fiancé about their car, where Uber would pick them up, and a few other details. I recognized his fiancé as a character in the film and I congratulated her on her performance. She was definitely traveling incognito as she didn't come up on the stage for the Q&A and was happy to stand back and let the attention all go to Danny. When I got home I imdb'ed the film, and noticed that her name was highlighted... meaning I'd recently looked her up. To my complete shock and frustration it was Lucy Boynton, my "Fav" supporting Actress from Sing Street. I am completely more upset than I should be about not recognizing her, but I sure would have loved to have been able to tell her how much I loved her performance in SING STREET to her face. The fact that not only did I see her and not recognize her, but I talked to her, and hung out with her a bit is even more frustrating. She is the celebrity encounter that was not to be. Oh well. Some other time I guess.

Rebel in the Rye is a very good film and well worth seeing. It seems almost like a film that needs to have been made, though it's pretty standard as far as presentation goes. It certainly brings up some interesting concepts - commitment to art being the most compelling to me. I imagine there will continue to be other biopics about Salinger that will push the form a bit more - a la I'm Not There or another one of my "Favs" this year, Miles Ahead - but that none of those could come to pass without this first excellent film biopic paving the way.

Lucy Boynton as Raphina in SING STREET


Tuesday, October 4, 2016

Director's statements: how to write them, what they're for

In many stages along your film's path you will be asked to write a "Director's Statement." This article will hopefully help as you navigate these waters.

First off, there are different reasons that you will be asked to write a Director's Statement, and each of them will have different needs and requirements. The main two circumstances, generally, will be before the movie is made (development) and after the film is made (distribution).

Before the film is made, your purpose is to describe why the film should actually be made. You may write your Director's Statement for a grant application or maybe in a business plan. Your purpose is to get funded, or maybe to get a job making the film. You're selling your vision of the film - and you're making people see that your vision is the only way the film should be told.

Andrew Mack, editor for Screen Anarchy, says: "A director's statement is about what inspires someone to make a movie and what they desire to convey with their audience... The director wants to, in this statement, express their inspirations and ambitions - generate some excitement about this potential project."

Development

In development the key things you should consider including are:

• The genesis of the project (where the idea came from; its circumstances and history)
• Why the project is important (will it have social impact; will it make people laugh)
• Why you're the only one who can tell this story (what do you bring to the table that is unique and especially pertinent to this project)
• Your cinematic inspiration and influences (this helps the reader see the vision of the film)
• Visual and technical approaches you intend to take that will make the film unique and successful
• Your hopes for the audience's response (what will the audience get out of it)

You don't have to include all of these things, but they all should be alluded to in some way. Remember, you're a storyteller, so this is just another form of storytelling. Make it entertaining. Bring the reader along with you.

Marketing

For marketing (once the film is done), you will include a Director's Statement in application material for festivals, or in press material for the film's marketing. It's important to remember that no one will choose to program your movie in a festival, review it in their paper, or distribute it because of your winning Director's Statement. If you're film doesn't appeal to them, they're not going to change your mind because of your Statement. However, once they decide to program/review/distribute your film they will look at the Director's Statement to help them market it. From a journalist's/film critic's stand point, a good Director's Statement saves them the hassle of having to interview you.

In marketing the key things you should consider including are:

• The genesis of the project
• Why the project is important
• Why you're the only one who could have told this story
• Your cinematic inspiration and influences
• Production and Post-production discoveries (what happened during the process of making the film that shaped the film's final state)
• Your hopes for the audience's response

Thus, the two types of Director's Statements are very similar, except in one you're discussing what you hope will happen, and in the other you're explaining what did happen.

Remember: Your Director's Statement needs to exist outside of the film they're discussing, in other words, don't assume the reader will have already seen your film, or even has any intention of seeing it. It needs to make them want to see it, just like a development Director's Statement should make them want to see it made.

Do people read them? My film Superpowerless was recently reviewed by Variety. I know the reviewer had come to the screening (at my invitation), and had given me a smile on his way out during the credits, but he had also told me that he would see about thirty films at the festival and review around five, so I wasn't holding my breath... at all. When the review came out he concluded it with some information that he would have got only by reading the Director's Statement included in the press material.

My friend Maggie Mackay, executive director of Vidiots, says "When I was programming festivals, Director Statements and other supplemental materials didn't play into my programming process. Once we programmed a film, those materials were useful, but they didn't have any influence on my selection process. On the other hand, when I was the Director of Nominations at the Spirit Awards, and we required Director Statements for the grant awards, not only did they get read, but they were a HUGE part of the submission. My biggest recommendation to filmmakers submitting required statements is that they really read and stick to the instructions from each organization or festival."

Length

You will be given instructions in regards to length. Do not go over, and do not be too brief. Make it quick and easy to read no matter its assigned length. This is not the time to write a scholarly paper.

Attitude

This is always the same, no matter what aspect of your filmmaking career you're in; or no matter what stage of the filmmaking process you're in:

• Be grateful / humble (don't come off as pompous or like God's-Gift to the filmmaking world)
• Take your movie seriously, but don't take yourself seriously (you've made an important, awesome movie, but you're grateful for the opportunity and for all the people who helped you along the way).

These two attitudes, which are intertwined, will help you in all stages of your career. And, by the way, if you are sincere about these two attitudes, and apply them to the rest of your life, you'll be happier.

Monday, August 22, 2016

Tom DiCillo's Drunk Film School

In an earlier post I shared a Google Hangout that I had with director/writer Tom DiCillo after a screening of Living in Oblivion. Tom, being Tom, took the youtube version of the interview and made it into something so much more... The Drunk Film School. In it Tom really give great advice to aspiring filmmakers about everything from working with actors and cinematographers to launching projects and working in TV. It's really worth watching, and there's no guru quite as fun as Tom.

Drunk Film School Trailer from Tom DiCillo on Vimeo.

Monday, April 11, 2016

The ultimate in film geekery apparel (Tees by Duane)

I would never consider myself a great designer, but over the years there have been a few T-shirts that I wish I could find elsewhere that don't seem to exist. So, I created my own T-shirt venture "Tees by Duane." I set it up at a site called Teepublic.com. However, it turns out that the good folks at Teepublic don't like my designs (What??), so you can't find my shirts if you Google them, or even if you search in their website search bar. Well, so I'm posting them here to promote them out to the world (in my massively read blog - hahahaha). Follow the links to order. Honestly, the shirts are really cool. They super comfortable. They come large but shrink to the appropriate size.

Sergei Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin T-Shirt

This is my favorite of all the shirts. It has the iconic image of the woman watching the baby carriage roll down the steps. It's a dazzling image - but you don't need to be a fan of Eisenstein to appreciate this shot. My skateboarder son thought it was a cool shirt without knowing anything about it. If you're looking for a shirt that expresses your love of film history, and makes you look punk rock... this is it. Order it at this link: https://www.teepublic.com/t-shirt/386478-eisenstein-battleship-potemkin

Eisenstein Battleship Potemkin T-Shirt
Eisenstein Battleship Potemkin T-Shirt (from Tees by Duane)

Walter Murch T-Shirt

Nothing shows off your true movie geek to your fellow movie geeks as well as this shirt of famous editor, sound designer and philosopher king, Walter Murch. Get your Murch Merch here: https://www.teepublic.com/t-shirt/386246-walter-murch

Walter Murch T-shirt by Tees by Duane
Walter Murch T-Shirt (from Tees by Duane)
Classically Trained Editor T-Shirt (Moviola)

Let the other editors know that you can edit digitally and on film with this T-shirt featuring a Moviola film editing system. You learned to edit on film, you're awesome. Let the world know. Order it at this link: https://www.teepublic.com/t-shirt/386231-classically-trained-film-editor

classically trained film editor t-shirt
Classically trained film editor t-shirt (from Tees by Duane)

Free Jafar Panahi T-shirt

I recently wore this at the Aspen Shortsfest and got a lot of comments from film geeks from around the world. Jafar Panahi, of course, is the amazing filmmaker from Iran who has been under house arrest in his native country for publicly supporting the Green Movement which demanded the removal of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from office. All these shirts can be purchased in any color, but I felt, in this case, green was the most appropriate. Get it here: https://www.teepublic.com/t-shirt/386201-free-jafar-panahi

"Free Jafar Panahi" T-shirt from Tees by Duane
"Free Jafar Panahi" T-shirt (from Tees by Duane)

Pulp Fiction Screenplay T-shirt

This T-Shirt features the first page of one of the greatest screenplays ever written... Pulp Fiction, by Quentin Tarantino. In this scene Pumpkin and Hunny Bunny begin to plot to rob restaurants, eventually leading Jules to become a shepherd. Make it yours today: https://www.teepublic.com/t-shirt/386185-int.-coffee-shop-pulp-fiction-page-one

INT. COFFEE SHOP (Pulp Fiction Page 1) Screenplay T-shirt
INT. COFFEE SHOP (Pulp Fiction Page 1) Screenplay T-shirt (from Tees by Duane)



Friday, March 25, 2016

An interview with Jennifer Prediger (Apartment Troubles)

Jennifer Prediger and Jess Weixler's "Apartment Troubles" is a great low-budget comedy that is both funny and emotional. It's well worth the watch, and for aspiring micro-budget filmmakers, worth the study. A bi-coastal film, they stretched their dollars on two coasts, and were able to recruit some great name actors. I recently had the opportunity to host a discussion with co-writer/director/star Jennifer Prediger with students from Utah Valley University's Digital Cinema program. Jennifer shared insights into collaborating, appealing to audiences (or not), and recruiting name actors, among many other things.